''Parinari'' is a genus of

plant Plants are predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae. Historically, the plant kingdom encompassed all living things that were not animals, and included algae and fungi; however, all current definitions of Plantae exclu ...

in the family

Chrysobalanaceae Chrysobalanaceae is a family of flowering plants, consisting of trees and shrubs in 27 genera and about 700 species of pantropical distribution with a centre of diversity in the Amazon. Some of the species contain silica in their bodies for ri ...

. Species of genus ''Parinari'' are found in Subsaharan Africa from Senegal to Sudan and Kenya and south to Namibia and Natal; in Eastern Madagascar; from Indochina through Indonesia, New Guinea, northern Queensland, and the southwest Pacific; and in Central and South America from Costa Rica to Trinidad and southern Brazil. The oldest fossils of ''Parinari'' fruits are from the early

Miocene The Miocene ( ) is the first epoch (geology), geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and mea ...

of Ethiopia, Panama, and Colombia. The genus is closely related to ''

Neocarya ''Neocarya'' is a genus of plant in family Chrysobalanaceae described as a genus in 1976.White, Frank. 1976. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de Belgique 46(3–4): 308 It contains only one known species, ''Neocarya macrophylla'', native t ...

''. ''Parinari'' can be distinguished from other genera in Chrysobalanaceae by the following characteristics: *

zygomorphic Floral symmetry describes whether, and how, a flower, in particular its perianth, can be divided into two or more identical or mirror-image parts. Uncommonly, flowers may have no axis of symmetry at all, typically because their parts are spirall ...

floral symmetry * 6-10 unilaterally-attached

stamens The stamen (plural ''stamina'' or ''stamens'') is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower. Collectively the stamens form the androecium., p. 10 Morphology and terminology A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the filame ...

per flower * ovary at side or mouth of receptacle-tube * leaf lower surface lanate and with hair-filled stomatal cavities and parallel secondaries closely spaced * pair of glands on leaf petiole * large, woody fruits

Species

'' The Plant List'' recognises 42 accepted species (including infraspecific names): * '' Parinari alvimii'' * '' Parinari anamensis'' – Annamese burada * '' Parinari argenteo-sericea'' * '' Parinari brasiliensis'' * '' Parinari campestris'' * '' Parinari canarioides'' * '' Parinari capensis'' – Dwarf mobola plum * '' Parinari cardiophylla'' * '' Parinari chocoensis'' * '' Parinari congensis'' * '' Parinari congolana'' * '' Parinari costata'' ** subsp. ''polyneura'' ** subsp. ''rubiginosa'' * '' Parinari curatellifolia'' – Mobola plum * '' Parinari elmeri'' * ''

Parinari excelsa ''Parinari excelsa'', the Guinea plum, is a species of large, evergreen tree in the family Chrysobalanaceae. It has a very wide distribution in tropical Africa and South America. This species grows to tall while the trunk is up to in diameter. ...

'' – Guinea plum * '' Parinari gigantea'' * '' Parinari hypochrysea'' * '' Parinari insularum'' * '' Parinari klugii'' * '' Parinari leontopitheci'' * '' Parinari littoralis'' * '' Parinari maguirei'' * '' Parinari metallica'' * '' Parinari montana'' * '' Parinari nonda'' – Nonda plum * '' Parinari oblongifolia'' * '' Parinari obtusifolia'' * '' Parinari occidentalis'' * '' Parinari pachyphylla'' * '' Parinari panamensis'' * '' Parinari papuana'' ** subsp. ''salomonensis'' * '' Parinari parilis'' * '' Parinari parva'' * '' Parinari parvifolia'' * '' Parinari prancei'' * '' Parinari rigida'' * '' Parinari rodolphii'' * '' Parinari romeroi'' * '' Parinari sprucei'' * '' Parinari sumatrana''

References

Chrysobalanaceae genera Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{Malpighiales-stub